GTTs and ITTs in mice: simple tests, complex answers

The two most common tests for determining metabolic health in mice are the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). GTTs and ITTs are inexpensive and easy to perform, but how they are conducted and interpreted can radically change their meaning.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

PAK4 phosphorylates and inhibits AMPKα to control glucose uptake

Nature Communications Open Access 10 August 2024

Intra-islet α-cell Gs signaling promotes glucagon release

Nature Communications Open Access 15 June 2024

Central inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase has minimal effects on the peripheral metabolic symptoms of the 3xTg Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Scientific Reports Open Access 02 April 2024

Access options

Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals

Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription

cancel any time

Subscribe to this journal

Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles

133,45 € per year

only 11,12 € per issue

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Andrikopoulos, S., Blair, A. R., Deluca, N., Fam, B. C. & Proietto, J. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.295, E1323–E1332 (2008). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  2. Alquier, T. & Poitout, V. Diabetologia61, 526–538 (2018). ArticleGoogle Scholar
  3. McGuinness, O. P., Ayala, J. E., Laughlin, M. R. & Wasserman, D. H. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.297, E849–E855 (2009). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  4. Jacobson, L., Ansari, T. & McGuinness, O. P. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.290, E678–E684 (2006). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  5. Ghosal, S. et al. Physiol. Behav.150, 31–37 (2015). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  6. Sorge, R. E. et al. Nat. Methods11, 629–632 (2014). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  7. Best, J. D. et al. Diabetes Care19, 1018–1030 (1996). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  8. Bergman, R. N. Diabetes38, 1512–1527 (1989). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  9. Ader, M., Pacini, G., Yang, Y. J. & Bergman, R. N. Diabetes34, 1092–1103 (1985). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  10. Virtue, S. et al. Diabetes61, 3139–3147 (2012). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  11. Fischer, A. W., Cannon, B. & Nedergaard, J. Mol. Metab.7, 161–170 (2018). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  12. Ayala, J. E. et al. J. Vis. Exp.16, 3188 (2011). Google Scholar
  13. Vogt, C. & Petrides, A. S. Am. J. Physiol.268, E1031–E1038 (1995). CASPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Hribal, M. L., Oriente, F. & Accili, D. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.282, E977–E981 (2002). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  15. Dudele, A. et al. Physiol. Rep.3, e12396 (2015). ArticleGoogle Scholar
  16. Wasserman, D. H., Ayala, J. E. & McGuinness, O. P. Diabetes58, 1947–1950 (2009). ArticleCASGoogle Scholar
  17. den Boer, M. A. M., Voshol, P. J., Kuipers, F., Romijn, J. A. & Havekes, L. M. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.291, E1360–E1364 (2006). ArticleGoogle Scholar

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Cambridge, UK Sam Virtue & Antonio Vidal-Puig
  2. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK Antonio Vidal-Puig
  1. Sam Virtue